Fibromyalgia and SSDI: What SC Claimants Must Know

Fibromyalgia is one of the most contested conditions in Social Security Disability Insurance claims. The Social Security Administration (SSA) recognizes fibromyalgia as a legitimate basis for disability benefits, but winning approval requires a specific, well-documented approach. For residents of South Carolina, understanding how local SSA field offices and Administrative Law Judges evaluate these claims can make the difference between an approval and a denial.

Does the SSA Recognize Fibromyalgia as a Disability?

Yes — but with significant caveats. The SSA issued Social Security Ruling 12-2p, which formally recognized fibromyalgia as a medically determinable impairment. This was a critical policy shift. Before this ruling, many fibromyalgia claims were dismissed outright because adjudicators argued the condition lacked objective medical evidence.

Under SSR 12-2p, the SSA uses two alternative criteria sets to establish the medical existence of fibromyalgia:

• Criterion 1 (American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria): A history of widespread pain, at least 11 of 18 positive tender points on examination, and evidence that other disorders were excluded.
• Criterion 2 (ACR 2010 Preliminary Diagnostic Criteria): Widespread pain, repeated manifestations of six or more fibromyalgia symptoms, and exclusion of other disorders explaining the symptoms.

Meeting one of these criteria in your medical records is the first threshold. The harder part is demonstrating that your symptoms prevent you from sustaining full-time work.

Why Fibromyalgia Claims Are Frequently Denied

The SSA denies the vast majority of fibromyalgia claims at the initial application stage — often for predictable, correctable reasons. The most common problems include:

• Insufficient medical documentation: Fibromyalgia has no blood test or imaging study that confirms it. SSA adjudicators often discount the diagnosis when records are sparse or inconsistent.
• Treating physicians who don't document functional limitations: A diagnosis alone is not enough. Your doctor must document how your symptoms affect your ability to sit, stand, walk, concentrate, and maintain attendance.
• Gaps in treatment: If months pass between medical visits, the SSA may conclude your condition is not as severe as claimed.
• Reliance on self-reported symptoms alone: While the SSA cannot dismiss subjective complaints, claims built entirely on patient statements without supporting clinical findings face higher scrutiny.

In South Carolina, the Disability Determination Services (DDS) office handles initial determinations. South Carolina DDS examiners, like their counterparts nationally, are trained to look for corroborating clinical evidence — and fibromyalgia claims that lack it are routinely denied at this stage.

How the SSA Evaluates Functional Limitations from Fibromyalgia

Even after establishing the medical diagnosis, you must show the SSA that your fibromyalgia prevents you from performing any work that exists in significant numbers in the national economy. The SSA evaluates this through a Residual Functional Capacity (RFC) assessment.

For fibromyalgia claimants, the RFC analysis typically focuses on:

• How long you can sit, stand, or walk during an 8-hour workday
• Whether you need to alternate positions frequently due to pain
• Limitations on lifting, carrying, pushing, and pulling
• Cognitive symptoms — often called "fibro fog" — that impair concentration, memory, and task persistence
• Sleep disturbances and the resulting fatigue that affects work attendance and productivity
• Medication side effects such as drowsiness or dizziness

A strong RFC supported by your treating rheumatologist or primary care physician carries substantial weight. If the SSA's own consulting examiner performs a one-time evaluation and reaches a different conclusion, your attorney can challenge that opinion as less probative than the longitudinal records of your treating provider.

Building a Strong Fibromyalgia Claim in South Carolina

South Carolina claimants who succeed with fibromyalgia SSDI claims typically share several characteristics. They maintain consistent, documented treatment with a rheumatologist or other specialist. They have detailed medical records that reflect not just the diagnosis but recurring symptom descriptions, documented tender points, and functional decline over time. And they work with physicians who understand how to complete RFC forms in a way that accurately captures the disabling impact of their condition.

Practical steps to strengthen your claim include:

• Establish care with a rheumatologist: SSA adjudicators and ALJs give significantly more weight to a fibromyalgia diagnosis and RFC opinion from a rheumatologist than from a general practitioner alone.
• Keep a symptom journal: Detailed daily records of pain levels, fatigue, and cognitive difficulties provide a narrative that reinforces your medical records.
• Request a detailed RFC assessment from your doctor: Ask your treating physician to complete an RFC form addressing your specific physical and mental limitations — not just the diagnosis.
• Document all co-occurring conditions: Fibromyalgia commonly occurs alongside depression, anxiety, chronic fatigue syndrome, and irritable bowel syndrome. Each additional documented impairment adds to the overall severity picture.
• Appeal denials promptly: In South Carolina, you have 60 days from the date of a denial notice (plus a 5-day mail presumption) to file a request for reconsideration, and then 60 days from that denial to request a hearing before an Administrative Law Judge.

What Happens at the ALJ Hearing Level in South Carolina

If your claim is denied at the initial and reconsideration levels — which is common for fibromyalgia — you have the right to an in-person or telephonic hearing before an Administrative Law Judge. South Carolina claimants are typically scheduled through the SSA Office of Hearings Operations in Columbia or Charleston, depending on your location.

At the hearing, an ALJ will review your complete medical record, hear your testimony about your symptoms and limitations, and may question a Vocational Expert (VE) about whether jobs exist that someone with your limitations could perform. This is the stage where legal representation makes the greatest difference. Your attorney can cross-examine the VE, challenge the hypothetical questions posed by the ALJ, and highlight inconsistencies between the SSA's RFC assessment and your treating physician's opinion.

Fibromyalgia cases are winnable at the ALJ level, but they require persuasive medical evidence, credible testimony, and effective cross-examination of vocational testimony. Claimants who appear at hearings without representation are at a measurable disadvantage.

The process is long — from initial application through an ALJ decision can take 18 months or more in South Carolina — but benefits are paid back to your established onset date if you are approved. For many claimants, that represents a substantial lump-sum back payment.

Need Help? If you have questions about your case, call or text 833-657-4812 for a free consultation with an experienced attorney.

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