By Pierre A. Louis, Esq., Managing Attorney at Louis Law Group

January 21, 2025

I. Introduction

When most people picture Florida, they imagine pristine beaches, sunshine, and mild winters—certainly not snow. This January, however, brought an unexpected weather twist: several areas across North Florida and the Panhandle received measurable snowfall. According to WFLA and The Palm Beach Post, the rare weather event led to winter storm warnings in dozens of Florida counties as issued by the National Weather Service (NWS). The NWS specifically cited a “significant combination of hazardous winter weather” in parts of the South.

For many homeowners in the state, snow may seem like a far-fetched peril. Yet when it does happen—as it has now—it raises important questions about property damage, insurance coverage, and the steps necessary to protect yourself against unforeseen losses. This article will address those concerns with a particular focus on Florida homeowners. By exploring key policy provisions, relevant case law (including the Florida Supreme Court’s decision in Sebo v. American Home Assurance Co.), and the practical steps homeowners should take to protect themselves and their property, we hope to shed light on this unusual scenario and ensure policyholders properly present potential claims.

II. The Rare Florida Snow Event

A. The Extent of Snowfall

Despite being known as the “Sunshine State,” Florida’s Panhandle and parts of North Florida received up to 1–3 inches of snow, according to a forecast from AccuWeather reported by Newsweek. Even four inches of accumulation was possible in the northwestern regions of Florida—a circumstance that prompted multiple county governments to close roads and caution residents to stay indoors. Areas stretching from Escambia to Nassau counties were placed under winter storm warnings.

B. Why Snow in Florida Matters

Travel Disruptions
– Snow in Florida can cause major disruptions. Black ice becomes a real hazard on roads not designed for icy conditions. Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) responded by deploying snow plows and salt trucks along critical highways. Governor Ron DeSantis urged residents to be “attentive to weather conditions” and to avoid non-essential travel until the weather cleared.
Power Outages
– Tree branches can crack under the weight of accumulated snow or ice, leading to downed power lines. In a region unaccustomed to these conditions, such outages can be prolonged as utility crews work to repair damages.

III. Practical Tips to Stay Safe and Protect Your Property

A. Winterizing Your Home

Even if snowfall in Florida is rare, owners can take measures to minimize damage:

Insulate Pipes
– Frozen pipes can lead to bursting. Insulating exposed pipes in garages, attics, and exterior walls is a crucial preventive step.
Clear Gutters and Downspouts
– When gutters are clogged, water can back up, freeze, and cause ice dams. Keeping gutters clear ensures that melting snow drains properly.
Seal Cracks and Openings
– Inspect windows and doors for drafts. Sealing or weather-stripping any gaps can retain heat and reduce the risk of internal pipe damage.

B. Taking Care of Your Roof

Check for Existing Damage
– A small crack or loose shingle could be exacerbated by ice and snow. Make necessary repairs before a cold snap.
Safely Remove Excess Snow
– If a surprising amount of snow accumulates on the roof, consider safely removing it using a roof rake. Climbing on a snowy roof can be dangerous—hiring professionals is safer.
Prevent Roof Collapse
– Flat roofs or older structures may not be designed for heavy snow loads. Watch for signs of stress, such as sagging ceilings or jammed doors.
Trim Trees
– Overhanging branches can easily snap under snow weight, causing property damage.

IV. Homeowners Insurance and Snow-Related Damages

Florida homeowners policies—often based on the standard forms set forth by the Insurance Services Office (ISO)—frequently contain specific perils related to windstorm, hail, and similar weather events. While a snow or ice storm may not be the first hazard a Floridian considers, the relevant policy language can be crucial if snow causes a loss to your home or personal property.

Below are several key policy provisions (as adapted from an HO-3 type policy) and how they relate to snow:

Windstorm or Hail Coverage
– Many HO-3 policies include coverage for windstorm or hail, but specify that interior damage from rain, snow, sleet, or dust is only covered if the direct force of wind/hail first damages the roof or walls, creating an opening. For instance, if wind-driven snow enters through a damaged roof shingle, coverage typically applies.
– This is critical because if snowfall accumulates on a roof and seeps in without a storm-created opening, insurers may deny coverage citing this limitation.
Debris Removal
– If a covered peril damages your property and creates debris (e.g., a tree falls onto your house), policies often cover reasonable debris removal expenses.
– Snow-laden trees that collapse onto a covered structure typically trigger coverage for debris removal, subject to limits in the policy (often up to $500 for tree removal plus an additional 5% of Coverage A if debris removal expenses exceed policy limits for the structure).
Landlord’s Furnishings
– For homeowners who rent out part of their residence, coverage for appliances, carpeting, and other furnishings is often capped at $2,500 when damage is caused by specific named perils, such as windstorm or hail. The same limitation on interior damage from rain, snow, or sleet applies: the wind must have first created an opening in the building for coverage to attach.
Coverage C — Personal Property
– Most HO-3 policies cover personal property on a named-peril basis, which includes “windstorm or hail,” but again excludes interior damage by snow unless wind/hail creates an opening in the structure.
– If the heavy weight of snow breaks through a roof, coverage for the personal property inside generally applies, provided the damage results from a covered peril.
Additional Coverages
– Some policies include extra coverage for ordinance or law changes, fungi, or mold remediation when a covered peril causes the initial damage. For instance, if a snow collapse prompts structural upgrades (required by new building codes), ordinance or law coverage may contribute.

V. Concurrent Causation: Sebo v. American Home Assurance Co.

Florida’s seminal case on concurrent causation, Sebo v. American Home Assurance Co., 208 So. 3d 694 (Fla. 2016), is often cited when multiple perils converge to cause property damage. In Sebo, the Florida Supreme Court adopted the “concurrent causation doctrine,” which generally holds that if two or more causes combine to cause a loss, and at least one of the causes is covered under the policy, the entire loss may be covered—unless the policy expressly excludes such coverage through an anti-concurrent causation clause.

A. Applying Sebo to Snow Damage

Policy Language Matters
In Sebo, the court relied heavily on the language in the insurance policy, noting it did not contain an anti-concurrent causation clause that would exclude coverage when an excluded peril combines with a covered peril. Some Florida policies do contain anti-concurrent causation clauses, which can negate coverage if an excluded peril operates alongside a covered peril.
Importance to Florida Homeowners
For Florida policyholders facing claim denials on grounds that “snow is not usually covered” or that “a pre-existing defect caused the damage,” Sebo offers a legal rationale for coverage if the proximate cause of damage includes a covered peril (e.g., wind, hail, or weight of ice/snow). However, each case must be reviewed on a policy-specific, fact-specific basis, preferably with legal counsel.

VI. Presenting a Valid Claim

A. Document the Damage

Take Photos and Videos
Photograph every instance of damage caused by snow, ice, or wind. Visual proof is essential when filing a claim.
Keep Repair Receipts
If you make emergency repairs (e.g., tarping a roof), keep receipts. These expenses may be reimbursable.

B. Prompt Notice to Your Insurance Company

Florida statutes and policy language typically require prompt notice of a loss. As soon as you discover damage:

Report the Claim
Call your insurer’s claims department or use their online portal. Failure to promptly notify the insurer can lead to coverage issues.
Mitigate Additional Damage
Policies often require insureds to mitigate further damage. If snow is leaking through the roof, do your best to prevent additional harm.

C. Policy Review

Check Exclusions
Determine if your policy explicitly excludes certain types of winter weather damage.
Review Deductibles
Windstorm or hurricane deductibles can be more complicated. Verify whether they apply to your claim.

D. Hire an Attorney or Public Adjuster

Complex Claims
If there are complicating factors (e.g., concurrency of causes, structural defects, or coverage denials), consult an attorney or a licensed public adjuster.
Navigating Policy Language
Insurance policies are laden with exclusions, endorsements, and definitions. A professional can interpret these correctly.

E. Be Aware of Time Limits

Statutory Deadlines
Florida statutes impose time limits on filing suits or claims.
Contractual Limitation Periods
Many policies have “Suit Against Us” clauses limiting the timeframe for lawsuits against the insurer.

VII. Common Policy Language Implicated by Snow Damage

To understand how insurance carriers might react to snow damage claims, consider some key provisions (drawn from a typical HO-3 style policy) and how they might apply:

“Windstorm or Hail” Peril
“This peril does not include loss to the property contained in a building caused by rain, snow, sleet, sand or dust unless the direct force of wind or hail damages the building causing an opening in a roof or wall and the rain, snow, sleet, sand or dust enters through this opening.”
– Here, the typical policy covers snow infiltration if the wind first damaged the structure, creating an entry point.
“Weight of Ice, Snow or Sleet” Peril
“This peril includes damage to property contained in a building if the weight of ice, snow, or sleet causes damage to the building itself.”
– If the accumulation of snow leads to a partial collapse, the policy may cover both structural and personal property damages.
Debris Removal
“We will pay your reasonable expense for the removal of:
(a) Debris of covered property if a Peril Insured Against that applies to the damaged property causes the loss…
(b) …Up to $500 for the removal from the ‘residence premises’ of your tree(s) felled by Windstorm or Hail [or] Weight of Ice, Snow or Sleet… provided the tree(s) damages a covered structure…”
– This clause can help offset costs of removing fallen trees or debris.
Landlord’s Furnishings
We will pay up to $2,500 for your appliances, carpeting, and other household furnishings in an apartment on the ‘residence premises’… for loss caused only by the following Perils Insured Against: Fire or lightning, Windstorm or hail, Explosion, Riot or civil commotion…”
-For those renting out parts of their home, coverage for snow damage applies only if wind created an opening or if the weight of the ice/snow directly damages the property.
Freezing and Resulting Water Damage
– Policies often exclude water damage from bursting pipes caused by freezing, unless the homeowner took reasonable care to maintain heat or shut off the water supply.
– Tip: If you plan to travel during cold weather, keep the heat on or fully drain your plumbing system.
Concurrent Causation Clauses
– Some policies might include language stating that if an excluded peril and a covered peril combine to cause damage, the resulting loss is excluded. This “anti-concurrent causation” language can defeat coverage, making it essential to analyze each policy carefully.

VIII. The Importance of Proper Claims Presentation

A. Avoid Common Pitfalls

Underestimating the Complexity
Snow damage might seem straightforward—roof leaks or pipe bursts—but insurance adjusters may raise issues of “pre-existing damage,” “improper maintenance,” or “excluded water damage.”
Lack of Documentation
Insurers often require detailed proof. Lack of photographs, receipts, or inspection reports can stall or invalidate a claim.

B. Negotiate with Adjusters

Claim Denials and Disputes
If your claim is denied or you disagree with the insurer’s valuation, request a written explanation and consider legal counsel.
Appraisal Clause
Many Florida homeowners policies contain an appraisal clause for disputed claims. This alternative dispute resolution process can facilitate a binding appraisal for the amount of loss.

C. Preserve Evidence

Don’t Toss Damaged Property
Keep pieces of broken shingles, pipes, or structural elements that indicate how damage occurred. Your adjuster or expert may need to see them.
Expert Reports
In complex claims (e.g., partial roof collapse), an engineer’s or contractor’s report can strengthen your position.

IX. Additional Considerations for Property Owners

A. Commercial vs. Residential Policies

Business Interruption
If you own a small business or rent out a commercial building, check if your commercial property insurance policy includes coverage for snow or ice damage. Some business interruption forms may cover lost income due to weather-related closures.
Separate Deductibles
Commercial policies may have separate deductibles for named perils, such as wind storms or hurricanes, similarly to residential policies.

B. Short-Term Rentals

Vacation Rental Platforms
If you host on Airbnb or VRBO, confirm if the platform or your specific insurance endorsements cover property damage due to rare weather events like snow.
Guest Safety
Make sure guests are well-informed about the unusual weather conditions, and provide instructions on heating and safe exit routes.

C. Flood vs. Snow Damage

Flood Policies
Standard homeowners insurance excludes floods. If melted snow leads to a water surge or flooding, a National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) policy or private flood policy might be needed for coverage.

D. Mold Growth

Post-Snow Cleanup
Where there’s water infiltration, there’s a risk of mold. Dry out affected areas promptly, as mold can lead to further coverage disputes and potentially damage claims if not handled properly.

XI. Final Thoughts and Recommendations

A. Stay Safe and Prepared

Even though snow in Florida is unusual, the events of January 2025 prove that it can happen. Staying prepared—winterizing your home, keeping an emergency kit, and monitoring weather alerts—can help you avoid serious property damage and health risks.

B. Know Your Policy

A thorough reading of your homeowners insurance policy can prevent unwelcome surprises. Look for the following:

Deductibles (especially hurricane vs. all-peril)
Exclusions for interior damage unless a roof or wall opening is first caused by wind or hail
Provisions related to snow or ice damage
Anti-concurrent causation clauses that could limit or negate coverage

C. Seek Professional Guidance

If snow has damaged your home, prompt action is crucial. Document everything, mitigate damage, and file a claim quickly. If coverage issues arise, consulting with an attorney or public adjuster knowledgeable in Florida insurance law can make a significant difference in the outcome of your claim. The Sebo decision highlights the complexity of concurrent causation in Florida. An experienced advocate can help navigate potential coverage pitfalls and maximize the benefits to which you are entitled.

XII. Conclusion

The sight of snow falling on the Florida Panhandle will undoubtedly remain a conversation starter for years to come. Yet for homeowners whose properties sustain damage, the discussion becomes more serious: Does my insurance policy cover this? How do I properly file a claim for snow damage? Will the separate windstorm or hurricane deductible apply? How does Florida case law, particularly Sebo v. American Home Assurance Co., shape my claim outcome?

From insulating pipes to trimming overhanging tree branches, proactive measures can protect against rare but consequential winter weather. When a covered peril such as snow or wind does cause damage, homeowners should promptly follow the claims process outlined in their policies. Remember, each insurance contract is unique, and the fine print will largely determine whether a claim is covered. If you find yourself at odds with your insurer, Florida’s regulatory framework and court precedent offer possible paths to dispute resolution. Above all, do not hesitate to seek professional assistance to ensure you present your claim properly and assertively.

As Managing Attorney at Louis Law Group, my primary commitment is to protect the rights of policyholders. If you have questions or concerns about how snow or ice damage might intersect with your Florida homeowners insurance policy, reach out to an experienced insurance attorney. While snowfall in Florida may be an anomaly, protecting your home and property from any unexpected peril is an essential part of prudent homeownership.

Disclaimer

This article is for general informational and educational purposes only. It does not constitute legal advice, nor does it create an attorney-client relationship. Every insurance policy and factual scenario is different, and you should seek individualized advice from a qualified attorney regarding your specific circumstances.

References

WFLA. “Live: Snow Falls in Florida Panhandle.” WFLA.com
https://www.wfla.com/news/florida/live-snow-falls-in-florida-panhandle/
The Palm Beach Post. “Rare Snow in Pensacola, 2025: Snow Reaches Palm Beach County.” PalmBeachPost.com.
https://www.palmbeachpost.com/story/weather/2025/01/21/florida-snow-pensacola-2025-snowed-palm-beach-county/77851975007/
Newsweek. “Winter Storm Warnings Issued Across Southeast.” Newsweek.com. (Referenced forecast from AccuWeather, posted January 2025)
https://www.newsweek.com/winter-storm-updates-airports-suspend-flight-interstate-closed-texas-hit-historic-snowfall-2018429
National Weather Service (NWS). Official advisories and warnings can be found at
www.weather.gov
Sebo v. American Home Assurance Co., 208 So. 3d 694 (Fla. 2016).

About the Author

Pierre A. Louis, Esq. is the Managing Attorney at Louis Law Group, specializing in homeowners insurance disputes, property damage litigation, and insurance coverage analysis. Based in Florida, the firm advocates for policyholders seeking fair treatment from their insurers. If you have questions about a potential claim or wish to learn more about your rights under your homeowners policy, please contact Louis Law Group for a consultation.